Using Polysystem theory as a framework, this article attempts to describe, explain and predict Chinese translation studies as a cultural phenomenon.

Besides confirming the theoretical contributions that modern linguistics has made to the development of translation studies,the present paper lays emphasis on probing into the theoretical bias innate in the linguistic school of translation studies through analyzing the theories put forward by several representative scholars in this field from the West.

This paper aims to examine the instructive role that systemic functional grammar has played in history through literature review, and then illustrate the feasibility of applying this theory of linguistics to translation studies.

This paper analyzes historically and logically the development of translation studies in China,which comes to a conclusion that establishment of translatology is an inevitable outcome and a historical and logical necessity of the studies.

Through the analysis of the feature of the existing Chinese translation theory, the author points out that Chinese translation theory embodies many paradoxes and limitations, and that the basic reason for these is that it incorrectly views the role of language in translation activity.

It also analyzes the reasons why American scholars give so much attention to Military Science of Sun Tzu,thus enables the readers to get a general idea about the translation and research of Military Science of Sun Tzu in America.