On literal translation free translation and foreignization domestication;

From Free Translation to Literal Translation:Analysis of Transformation in Lu Xun’s Translation Strategies;

By comparing and analyzing the cultural differences between Chinese and English,this paper concludes that the flexible translation methods,such as direct translation and free translation,etc.

To deal with the cultural differences in intercultural translation,various skills can be adopted,including direct translation,modeling application,free translation and so on.

The methods adopted in Moment In Peking can be a good guide for us to follow and refer to, which can be summarized as direct translation, pronunciation transcription plus explanation in context.

On the Debate about Metaphrase and Paraphrase in China's Literary Translation of the 20th Century

This article deals with such questions ontologically,distinguishes metaphrase from paraphrase in Chinese translation history,and points out that it is necessary to return to translating essentials at the three levels of significance,semantic meaning and form of language.

This paper illustrates metaphrase;paraphrase;bilingual switching modes,and the techniques in the translation of long and short sentences through analysis of the English-to-Chinese translation in 2005 TEM 8 and some translations done by the majors who took part in the examination.

This indicates that in traditional Chinese translation theories there was a Wen versus Zhi dichotomy instead of literal versus free translation opposition.

Translators working in this branch constantly find themselves faced with three main contradictions,namely,"mouth shape and contents","sentence order and pictures",and"literal translation or free translation.