, taking the concept of Palace Style as the axes, the text makes a systematic study to Flower and Bird Painting of Ming Dynasty, emphasizing on the quality of Palace style, the specific shape characteristic and historical significance of its course of happening and developing, so as to understand its succeeding and initiating importance on Chinese painti.

The court system reform is one of the crucial parts in the judicial system reform,and is also the most historical phase during the modern course of court system which is originated from the Qing dynasty.

Both Germany and the United Sates belong to federal governments and both of them pursue the doctrine that " the constitution has the supreme effect" and, therefore, their court systems have to submit to the relevant characteristics.