The principle of estoppels derives from medieval England.

The study of ironical utterances is drawing more and more attention from philosophers,psycholoˉgists,linguists and cognitive scientists.

An Analysis of Verbal Irony in Hamlet-From the Perspective of Relevance Theory;

This paper analyses the characterization of Liu Bang in the ironic view: how the author employs skillfully verbal irony, situational irony and dramatic irony to depict an image of Liu Bang against the one in official history.

As an important narrative strategy,irony,especially verbal irony and character irony,is properly employed in William Faulkner’s A Rose for Emily.

This paper has stated the influence on Lu Xun’s novels’ text implication by ironical technique from three respects: the language irony of novel text narration, characters’ self-language irony and ch.