The urban spatial compact ratios,economic efficiencies and their relationships of metropolises in China in 1990 and 2000 were investigated in depth using GIS tool,Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA)and Malmquist index models methodologies,which got some significant findings.

This paper presents how to automatically recognize components in a digital iconological image by labeling connected component and calculate its compactness and centriod.

The process and characteristics of urban expansion are analyzed using fractal dimension and compactness based spatial morphologic measurement coupled with land use change survey.

Compactness with independence for translation,rotation,and scale,compound moment that is dimensionless,normalized fouri-er descriptor with independence for position,size orientation,and starting point of the contour are proposed.

Fractal dimensions, compact ratios, shape indices and types of urban l and expansion of 31 Chinese cities in 1990 and 2000 were computed by using dynam ic land-use data from the National Resources and Environmental Database establis hed by the IGSNRR, CAS.

and GIS as charting and analysis method,the relationship between the space and time rule and the shape characteristics of the urban construction land expansion of Nanjing City and the population development were analyzed in this paper,with such indexes as construction land expansion intensity,the centre coordinates,compact ratio,and elasticity coefficient.

Fractal dimension of urban form is a notion defined at macro level,while compactness ratio or circularity ratio is a spatial measurement of cities defined at micro level.

Fractal dimensions,shape indices and compact rations of urban spatial morphology of 12 cities in Wuhan metropolitan in 1990 and 2000 were computed by using dynamic land-use data from the national resources and environmental database established by the IGSNRR,CAS.