1) hosted by the traders
商办
1.
The article show us that the main types of the industry system in the late Qing dynasty included the enterprises hosted by the government, the enterprises supervised by the government and hosted by the businessmen , the enterprises hosted by the traders.
分析表明,晚清我国工业体制类型主要有三种:官办企业、官督商办企业和商办企业。
2) cooperation between industry and commence
工商联办
4) comprador
[英][,kɔmprə'dɔ:] [美][,kɑmprə'dɔr]
买办商人
1.
The modern compradors in the trading ports understood the advantage of the capitalist enterprise system by investing in the western modern enterprises and imitated their organizational pattern and management to establish Chinese modern enterprises.
通商口岸的新式买办商人最先接触到资本主义的企业制度,他们附股投资洋商企业,亲自感受到了这种企业制度模式的优势,进而模仿借鉴洋行企业的组织方式,自行创办新式企业,仿效西方资本家的经营方式,建立中国人自己发起的近代新式企业。
5) the government monitored and privately invested
官督商办
1.
Department of westernization movement,the government monitored and privately invested stock-enterprises followed the traditional policy of the government monitored the privately operated economy,adopted the raising money form of the western stock-enterprises,and tried giving the merchants investors some rights to manage their enterprises.
洋务运动时期官督商办股份制企业承袭了传统官督民营政策,又吸取了西方股份制公司企业的筹资方式,试图赋予商人投资者一定的管理权限,但总的看来,其治理与监管表现出浓厚的官方行政干预特征,政府凭借政治、经济权力委派官方经理人员,插手企业的经营活动,使投资者的权利落不到实处,股权从属于政府行政权力,违背了制度设计者发挥商人投资者和政府双方作用,合力推进新式企业成长的初衷。
2.
In the government monitored and privately invested stock-enterprises, stockholders rights were subordinate to the governments administrative rights, and the government directed the management and monitoring activities of these enterprises so that lots of drawbacks occurred.
在洋务官督商办股份制企业里,股东权力从属于官方行政权力,官方主导着企业的治理与监管活动,由此产生诸多弊病。
6) Commercial and Enterprising Efforts
经商办厂
补充资料：商办
1.商量办理。 2.商人营办。
说明：补充资料仅用于学习参考，请勿用于其它任何用途。
参考词条