The Witchcraft Beliefs and the Witch-hunt in Early Modern Europe;

Study on the witch-hunt will further the understanding of the transition of Western Europe from a different angle.

The witch-hunting movement was a historical event in early modern Europe history,which was rooted in the church persecution of witches,and later became an important three-hundred-year movement all over Europe for the specific social situation of the social transformation period.

Female acted an important role in the ceremony of praying for rain,they were sorceresses,but they were sacred in family background,function and culture connotation;the important role that female played in the witchery ceremony reflected their social position at that time.

The image of Female Birds has evolved gradually from a sorceress to Jian Di (and to Jiang Yuan).

In Jia Pingwa\'s works,the sorceress(The term refers to the woman who lives in the male power society,suffers from the love of constrain,has distorted mind and behavior and is demoted by common people) is an uncommon women image which contains the rich cultural implication.

Tools in the dark Studies on the witches and their predictions in Macbeth;

In Macbeth,witches and their prophets run through the plot of the whole tragedy,playing up a gloomy,horrible and tragic atmosphere.

A group of witches and their god were exiled from Chang’ an, the capital, in the early days of West Han dynasty because of their different beliefs from the national religion.

From the evolution of the witch s images to see the form change of fairy tales;

The author makes a study of the question about "Li witch" by analyzing the surveys of an anthropological fieldwork,at the relatively poverty Hongshui villages in Changjiang County,the south-west of Hainan Province,from March 2002 to September 2002.

In the Song Dynasty,witches are active among the lower-stratum peoples,of which some complete a transformation from witch to goddess with ancestral temples built by the populace and designations conferred by the court.