The paper reports on our research to build machine translation markup language which is based on natural language processing and XML technology.

This paper makes an introduction of XML,the new markup language,its supreme advantages,challenges and prospect in comparison with the disadvantages of HTML.

Grammaticalization and its unmarked tendency of discourse marker "haole";

In Mandarin Chinese,the construction"V lai V qu (V来V去)"can be divided into three types according to its semantic and functional variation:type A represents movement,type B represents time shifting and type C functions as a discourse marker.

Pragmatic Markedness Equivalence Principle——On New Development of Translation Theory;

It begins with the discussion of markedness, followed by pragmatic markedness.

In view of the undue scanty investigation so far to quantitative analysis in pragmatics, translating and translation, the Skopostheorie-based thesis ventures to reconstruct the traditional Equivalence Theory and deconstruct the Pragmatic Markedness Equivalence Principle, vintages of Nida and Hou Guojin respectively.

Much of the research into discourse markers (hereafter DMs) is syntactically and semantically oriented while the importance of the pragmatic appropriateness and interpersonal adaptation DMs attached to the discourse are inadequately discussed.