There are three sources for Hanren ruled by Liao Dynasty: people living in the region of Ch’i-tan, getting into during the turmoil and the earth, and people given as presents by Zhongyuan Dynasty.

During the times of Ming dynasty replaced by Qing dynasty, the Han community in Liaodong peninsula constituted several armymen groups which could determine the political situation.

After the establishment of Song Dynasty,the Liao people advocated actively calling each other "Southern and Northern Dynasties" with Song in order to improve their political status and to ge.

The textual research in this paper argues that the three prefectures refer to Western Liao Prefecture, Right Beiping Prefecture and the affiliated state in the Eastern Liao under the control of Youzhou.