This paper develops quantitative models focusing on the major obstacles in amalgamation of villages,and presents GIS-related microscopic description for negative effect of behavior functioned by planning.

There are a series of problems in assets disposal of closed rural primary and secondary schools which are idle,wasted and illegally occupied.

Reform of village and township government in recent years,with an emphasis on "removal and merger",has been considered an effective means to resolve financial difficulties at county and village level.