The sea-changes in the view on paintings during the Northern Song period are first represented by Su Shi\'s "scholar-official painting" theory,succeeded by Huang Xiufu\'s yi pin theory,which established the core values for literati paintings.

The idea of recluse in literati culture and Hui-style garden;

Zhang Kejiu was a refined scholar of letters with traditional temperament in the light of his orientation of the value of life,his object for creation and the appreciation of beuaty and his psychological roots.

The Southern Dynasties saw the rising of the imperial power and the marginalization of aristocratic literati,and those aristocratic writers were facing unprecedented challenges.