Contrastive study of product liability defense in China and foreign countries;

This paper makes an analysis of the two characteristics of privacy right-secret and private and of the defenses of news infringement-the principle of publicity and that of common interest.

Based on the constitutional spirit and the need of public interest, the medium should enjoy the special ground of pleading in the press tort litigation.

The ground of pleading of copyright infringement is the important method of the defendant protecting his own legitimate rights and interests, and it is also a limit towards copyright owner s usufruct.

With the increase of disputes arising from the type of railway accident, some problems ,such as the rules of law, the imputation principle, ground of pleading, the problem of compensation are not solved, which is not conducive to safeguarding the rights and interests of the Parties concerned and maintaining social stability.

In general,the following would be formed the defense causes of medical infringement on informed consent right of the patient: enforced medical behavior of the doctor side,the discretionary behavior of the patient side which be informed obliga.

With reference of foreign laws, it is benefit for our countries product responsibility legislation by explicating defense cause in product responsibility case.

According to the imputation principle and the fault principle of news infringement,it has four constitutive elements and five plea instances.

The system of counterpleas in negotiable instruments is for the safety of negotiable instruments,provides that reasons of counterplea exists in the view of motionless safety,the counterplea could be made.