Thus only by raising the corruption personal cost in politics,economy,law,morality and reducing the personal corruption gains,can we combat and guard against corruption in an effective way.

Method: Cost was delineated into different categories, namely, private cost and social cost, tangible cost and intangible cost, and direct cost and indirect cost, and a cost estimation exercise was performed for cost of drugs, medical services, social welfare, prevention/education/research, workplace, criminal justice system & crime, and property damage.

The paper has tested the Granger causality on the private cost and the public cost of urbanization with the rate of urbanization.

Result shows that: when the manager takes private costs in innovation investment,managers often tend to under-investment.

Discussion on non-commercialization of revolutionary memorial museums from the angle of social cost of political management;

Study on social cost in deepening economic system reform;

Analysis of social cost for Chinese sports industrialization;

The evolution of state-owned enterprises social costs——About the investigation of Wuhan J Factory;

Lack of land or property ownership policies and the inability of the developers have caused the local governments and enterprises to avoid the “social costs” incurred by the reconstruction.

In the paper we analyzed the formation of the state-enterprises social costs in the Heilongjian Province and the related conditions of social insurance system and re-emplo.