The calculated results indicate that conserved noise introduced in the temperature equation drives the morphological instability on the sides of dendrites and is dominant origin of side-branching,while the side branching is unaffected with inclusion of the non-conserved noise in phase-field equation,so it can be negligible from the point of view of computational .

Aiming at mid-column with crane beam in gabled frames,three projects are compared to prove that it is most economic to take advantage of the crane beam to setup knee bracing as the reliable lateral support,thereby to minimize the out-plane effective length.