Here we briefly review the development of the theory and recent progress in the process and properties of super-hydrophobic films.

This paper investigated the amount and composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge from mixed liquor as well as those in sludges from a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic membrane, respectively, in a Submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) treating river water in Shanghai, and analyzed the characteristics of these sludges.