The development of the words in the songs was closely associated with the tunes coming from The Imperial Music Office.

On the Abolishment of Jiao Fang and the Prosperity of Popular Art and Literature in Early South Song Dynasty

Jiao Fang took charge of entertainment music,while Da Sheng Fu served as an official administrative structure.

Several Questions about the Musicians of Jiaofang in the Tang Dynasty;

The article mainly expounds the formation and the development of the ancient Huifang , especially contrasts two important stages : “Fanfang”and “ Jiaofang”of the ancient Huifang ,and draws the conclusion that “Jiaofang”was the result of Chinalization of “Fanfang”,and, with its evolution ,Huihui peopl e also experienced the process of becoming independent Hui nationality from immi grants.