1) the music system in Jiao Fang
教坊乐制
1.
This thesis is based on the general and systematic grasp about Jiao Fang in the Song Dynasty, starts with the exploration of the music system in Jiao Fang.
本文通过对宋代教坊相关史料的系统梳理与总体把握,从探索宋代教坊乐制的角度入手,对北宋教坊四部之名称、教坊四部合一的年代、教坊四十大曲的影响、教坊乐人、宫廷队舞表演的起止年代等问题进行较为深入的探讨,提出了一些新的见解。
2) the Jiaofang music
教坊乐
1.
In intermediate stage of Northern Song Dynasty,Hua ri-xin in charge of improving the Jiaofang music and Liu ji responsible for reforming the Refinged music had their own viewpoints of music.
雅乐主要负责宫廷祭祠音乐,教坊乐主要负责朝廷宴饮音乐,从北宋初期至中期,二者乐律不同,乐器有别,歌词体制相异,泾渭分明。
3) the secular music net and system of Jiaofang
俗乐教坊网络体系
4) Jiao Fang
教坊
1.
On the Abolishment of Jiao Fang and the Prosperity of Popular Art and Literature in Early South Song Dynasty
论南宋初蠲罢教坊与市井文艺的繁荣
2.
Jiao Fang took charge of entertainment music,while Da Sheng Fu served as an official administrative structure.
教坊是两宋时期最重要的俗乐机构,北宋中前期先后分属宣徽院、太常寺管辖。
5) JiaoFang
教坊
1.
Several Questions about the Musicians of Jiaofang in the Tang Dynasty;
关于唐代教坊乐工的几个问题
2.
The article mainly expounds the formation and the development of the ancient Huifang , especially contrasts two important stages : “Fanfang”and “ Jiaofang”of the ancient Huifang ,and draws the conclusion that “Jiaofang”was the result of Chinalization of “Fanfang”,and, with its evolution ,Huihui peopl e also experienced the process of becoming independent Hui nationality from immi grants.
本文论述了古代回坊的发展历程,特别是对古代回坊的两个重要发展阶段——蕃坊和教坊进行了多方面的比较,认为教坊是蕃坊中国化的结果,由此回回人也经历了从外来侨民走向独立民族共同体的进程。
补充资料:教坊乐
教坊乐 中国唐代以后由教坊管理教习演奏的音乐。教坊是中国唐、宋、元、明期间传习、管理宫廷俗乐的机构。教坊乐的内容因时因地而有所不同。唐代统治者重燕乐而轻雅乐。因此唐代教坊所管理教习的歌、舞和散乐与太常寺掌管的雅乐不同,与前几代(周至南北朝)宫廷中使用的俗乐也不同 。唐玄宗时长安教坊艺人曾多达 11400人,依照技艺的高低分成若干等级。技艺最高的艺人常为皇帝表演。宋代宫廷因袭唐代旧制,教坊主管燕乐,规模庞大。北宋教坊分立为4部:大曲部、法曲部、龟兹部、鼓笛部。各部所用乐器和擅长演奏的曲目均不相同。教坊乐有 3种类型,一种是旧曲改编 ,一种是乐工创作,一种是皇帝自己创作。南宋时称“教坊大乐”为燕乐,以区别于号称“大乐”的俗乐。北宋和南宋教坊乐部所用的主要乐器有觱篥、龙笛或笛、笙、箫、琵琶 、方响、指板、杖鼓、大鼓等。北宋教坊使用的埙、箎、箜篌、羯鼓等,南宋教坊则不用。自南宋以来,民间音乐迅速发展,宫廷演出越来越多地由民间艺人入宫供奉,教坊乐的规模已趋缩小。元世祖时,曾搜访旧教坊乐工,设置教坊司。明代教坊司掌管宴会大乐,并承应乐舞和戏曲。清代教坊被废止。 |
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