The paper summarizes the history of refractory elements addition,relates their influences on the solidification characteristics and microstructure,prospects the problems that still need to be solved and the future investigation trends.

Directional solidification characteristics of successfully shaped y-TiAl alloys is then presented and investigated in relation with the experimental parameters.

Effect of lithium on solidification characteristics of pure copper;

The casting temperature, casting speed, water flow rate of secondary cooling system and other process parameters are determined according to the solidification characteristics of 45 steel, such as low liquidus temperature, wide solidus and liquidus co-areas, low-strength slab shell under high-temperature, and to the existing equipment conditions of Caster 3.

The formation mechanism of TiC and TiB_2 particulates was studied,and the solidification characteristic of melting-pool of argon arc cladding was examined.

The preserved egg solidification depends upon the concentration of NaOH in dipping liquid.

The results showed that at 4 30solidification would become weaker and weaker until the agar gel came to again liquid state,simultaneouly the mediums showed various colors.

The internal driving forces for the dissolution of the family and its solidifiability in modern literature;