According to some researches, map labeling can be viewed as a combinatorial optimal problem with more than one objectives.

The Algorithm Design and Implementation of Broadening Map Annotation Functions With MO;

This paper propose the design of map annotation with interoperability in platforms for map annotation problem in GIS, and analyzes the function realization based on the technique of the model development in detail,and explains graphics geometry transform.

Based on analyzing the lettering annotation,the paper generalized its characteristics including subordination on position,dispersion on arrangement,hierarchy and classification on contents.