3) great loss
重大损失
1.
About crime against commercial secret,attention should be paid to the difference of integral novelty and partial novelty on criminal object;"deceiving" are not involved in "luring" on criminal behavior;"great loss" are not equal to the value of commercial secret on criminal result;"should know" should be understand to "know" on subjective elements of crime.
侵犯商业秘密罪,在犯罪对象上,应注意商业秘密的整体新颖性和部分新颖性的区别;在实行行为上,"利诱"不应包括欺骗;在犯罪结果上,"重大损失"不等于商业秘密自身价值;在主观方面,"应知"应推定为"明知"。
4) heavy losses
重大损失
1.
However,taking “heavy losses” as a constitutive requirement of the crime will certainly confine the function of behavior norms.
滥用职权罪应以行为规范功能为先,以“重大损失”作为构成要件限制了其行为规范功能;司法上的扩张解释虽然有助于实现该功能,却又危及罪刑法定原则。
5) heavy loss
重大损失
1.
The heavy loss in the commercial espionage includes direct loss and indirect loss.
侵犯商业秘密罪中的重大损失既包括直接损失,也包括间接损失。
补充资料：造成
1.犹造就。
说明：补充资料仅用于学习参考，请勿用于其它任何用途。
参考词条