The elegant female images full of passion in Huajianji embody the male s expectation of ideal and also represent the male s poetic expressions to the female.

This article is to disclose the psychological changes from tolerance to expectation then to indignance of peasants in the middle period of Tang.

The author expounds Ma-Zu belief and Chinese traditional culture in the following: ancient ideal that amassing good makes moral integrity and gods will know aboutit; instinct of human nature that is afraid of the natures power and eager to combat again it and win it over; mental expectation that the life is short and variable and so people pray for happiness and good health.