Actio popularis, interdictum popularis, Accusa publica, and delatio were the four popular actions in Roman law, and the author believes that they are, as a whole, the origin of the institution of public interests action in modern time.

On the basis of the studies on literatures and the statistics,we have studied importantly on Ju-ren in South Zhili Province during Ming Dynasty in above four aspects:the quality,the geographical distribution,the identities and the exams in classics.

This article utilizes historical documents such as examination recorded, local records to develop a deeper understanding of Ju-ren (first-Degree Scholars in the imperial exams) of Qing Dynasty in Zhejiang Province.