But because of the toxicity of the local anesthetic, especially long effect of local anesthetic bupivacaine as the representation with strong toxicity,so application are restrict in clinic.

A number of reports have appeared implicating neurotoxicity of local anesthetics as a possible cause of neurologic complications after spinal anesthesia.

And the toxicities of anesthetics such as local anesthetics can also result in brain and spinal cord injuries.

Objective To compare the effects of racemic bupivacaine, levobupivacaine and ropivacaine at different concentrations on intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]j) in rat ventricular myocytes induced by KCI using laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM), and to investigate the mechanism of cardiotoxicity of local anesthetics.