The initial temperature difference of the air cooling tower is the main factor which affects the safe and economical operation of air cooling unit,and it s also an important parameter of the cold-end design for air cooling unit.

Adopting the method of remaining the same inlet air temperature and fixing initial temperature difference,some pivotal parameters of the single-row tube heat exchanger are investigated synthetically,including flow pressure drop and air-side heat transfer coefficients.

Optimizing design of the initial temperature difference(ITD),which is one of the main design parameters in air-cooling systems,plays an important role in raising its economy.

Under the conditions of small initial errors,the satisfied resul.

An approach of the iterative learning control for linear continuous system with the initial error;

Study on the regularity of predictability limit of chaotic systems with different initial errors;

Then,the effect of initial errors for telemetric data and exterior data are minutely induced,and a linear separation model of initial launched parameter errors for wars.

A straightforward way to make image matching well-posed is to restrict the space of possible solutions and provide good initial parallax.