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1)  misuse failure
误用失效
2)  misjudgement failure
误判失效
3)  pragmatic failures
语用失误
1.
An analysis on pragmatic failures of foreign-related majors;
涉外专业学生的语用失误分析
2.
Pragmatic Failures in Intercultural Communication;
跨文化交际中的语用失误
3.
This paper analyzes some pragmatic failures in advertising translation from the aspects of language,culture,custom,view of value and so on;explores the important significance of cultural background and elaborates on some principles to avoid pragmatic failures in cross-cultural advertising translation.
文章从语言、文化习俗、价值观等方面,分析了英汉广告翻译中所出现的一些语用失误,探讨了文化背景在广告翻译中的重要意义,阐述了跨文化广告翻译中避免语用失误的原则。
4)  pragmatic mistakes
语用失误
1.
Based on the theory of pragmatics,the essay analyses the phenomena of pragmatic mistakes in communicating with other countries in English.
在语用学理论指导的基础上 ,分析了用英语进行跨文化交际时的语用失误现象 ,列举了使用“称谓语”、“招呼语”、“称赞语及回答”等经常出现的语用失误 ,并指出了失误的原因及正确的说法。
2.
People with different cultural background are easy to make pragmatic mistakes caused by cultural differences in cross-cultural communication.
文章列举一些典型的语用失误,并分析其产生的原因及改进方法。
5)  pragmatic errors
语用失误
1.
Pragmatic Errors in Business English and the Cultural Analysis and Understanding;
商务英语语用失误及其文化解读
2.
Therefore,there should be enough understanding about the pragmatic errors in daily oral intercourse,which are caused by native interference and non-understanding of the cultural differences in Chinese and English.
语言学习的根本目的在于培养语言学习者的交际能力,所以对于本族文化的干扰以及对文化差异的不了解而导致的交际失误应有一个更明确的认识,即结合社会文化背景来正确使用和理解英汉交际言语,尽量避免语用失误从而达到理想的社交目的。
3.
We found that igeorance of pragmatic faculty,more frewuency of pragmatic errors and lack of cross-culture knowledge are universal among them.
 通过问卷、访谈等手段对一年级硕士研究生进行了有关其语言能力方面的教学研究,发现研究生普遍存在着语用能力的无知,语用失误的频繁以及跨文化知识的缺乏等问题。
6)  pragmatics failure
语用失误
1.
Analysis on pragmatics failure in cross-culture communication and its countermeasure;
浅析跨文化交际中语用失误的原因及对策
2.
The problems in the Chinese-English translation of propagation language,which include linguistic errors,pragmatics failures and socialpragmatic failures,were analyzed with real examples.
这些问题包括语言错误和社交语用失误。
3.
This article studied some typical cases of pragmatics failure which come naturally and frequently to the Chinese students in their English expression,thus revealing the negative influence of pragmatics failure on the intercultural communication and the impressing necessity to strengthen their pragmatics competence.
通过对中国学生英语表达中常见和典型的语用失误现象的分析并辅之以一定的实例 ,揭示出这些人们熟视无睹的语用失误的危害 ,从而证实在外语教学中增强文化意识、培养语用能力的重要性和必要性 ,并提出了纠正语用失误的几点主张和看法。
补充资料:爆破失效
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性质: 以大变形理论为依据,考虑到材料达到屈服以后,有明显的变形并有应变硬化现象,因而以爆破压力作为容器承载的极限状态并称为爆破失效。

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