In order to use the existing production conditions sufficiently, by the quality control of the continuous-casting billet and hot (red) sending process and the cooling process after rolling, especially the process controlling of Hot-Continuous-Rolling, realizing the small reduction ratio Hot-Continuous-Rollin.

The scaling down technology of transistors has been the primary factor driving i mprovement of IC.

With the development of semiconductor techniques, the feature sizes are aggressively scaled down, circuit performances are expected to be increasingly sensitive to manufacturing variations.