The structure and language Toni Morrison creates in Beloved are capable of evoking the collective consciousness of the "unspeakable things unspoken" in the slave narratives.

The idea of When Zi Chan(文字禅) by Hui Hong, the famous Buddhist poet in North Song dynasty, was raised against the widespread Wu Shi Chan(无事禅)and Wu Yan Chan(无言禅) in that time.

On Mendelssohn s Lieder Ohne Worte and art meanings;