The combining with Russia or combining with Japan of Wan-Qing government was a very important part of the policy of "using one country to resist another foreign country", It was also a very important question in our study to the relations of our country to the Russia or Japan, and it past three periods.

Led by Kuga Katsunan,Japanese non-governmental nationalists opposed Meiji government s policy of "departure from Asia for Europe" and advocated the Sino-Japan alliance,and they stood for withstanding the West by force of Eastern international system.

US-Japan alliance had long been the core of American Asia-Pacific strategy,which was of more strategic and political value,whereas US-Korea alliance had been more a military alliance which mainly aimed at coping with direct threats.