The framework is that carrier\'s duty of care of goods,excepted perils and seaworthiness obligation are subject to different allocation of burdens of proof,so as to attain three presumptions which both reflects the fault liability system and balances the ship and cargo interests.

A Study of Attribution and Due Diligence in State Responsibility;

The airworthiness certification process on coupon level which is the most fundamental in the building block approach for airworthiness certification of composites was expounded.

Many airworthiness standards,specifications and regulations for initial or continual airworthiness were learned from the aviation accident lessons.

Safety analysis is an important method of compliance demonstration for airworthiness regulation.

The Warranty of Seaworthiness in Marine Insurance;

The Ship-inspection and the Judgment of Ship s Seaworthiness;

The author discusses the Code s influence on the new addition of the seaworthiness content,the increment of the shipowner s liability,the great change of the traditional distribution of the liability in seaworthiness, and also points out that with the improvement of the marine safety management, the Code puts the shipowner in a hard situation.