The risers are designed by adopting proportional solidification theory,and after repeating comparison and optimization through numerical simulation,the better plan is finally decided,which then was verified by real casting.

Based on proportional solidification technology, the feasibility to adopt feederless foundry method for producing the casting was analyzed.

Without using conventional feeder-feeding method,a nodular iron drawing plate was success-fully produced with feederless foundry method by using chills and flash-type gate in accordance with the proportional solidification principle.

The basic principle of the proportional solidification theory was introduced, and the influences of casting construction, feeder position and chill on feeding effect was described.

Achievement of riser-free casting of pattern for moulding of copper-slay casts by using balanced solidification principle;

Based on the Warela market microcosmic equilibrium theory, the essay introduced the ideas on water price elastic coefficient and water price in water-saving way, thoroughly analyzed the main factors affected the water price, used the experience of the related work, combined with the actual condition of Hebei province, and made some practical calculating methods for water price in water-saving way.

This thesis introduces a resource management model based on market mechanism and equilibrium theory.

Through analysis of the regressive relationship between elevation and crustal thickness we have calculated the lithospheric thickness of the northern plateau by adopting the equilibrium theory.