A survey of pragmatic studies of scalar implicatures;

The Explanation of Scalar Implicatures with Default Theory;

The paper first presents a general survey on the domestic researches done on the scalar implicature.

As a typical species of generalized conversational implicature,scalar implicature falls well into the realm of Default Logic susceptible to systematic formalization.

This study is intended to argue that scalar implicature is the system-based default meaning within Saussure’s thought of language as a system.

Counterfactual thinking is a main and peculiar way of the cognitive operations and can be found in the construction of counterfactual models of the possible worlds,which can be illustrated by those discourses where counterfactual models are employed to convey scalar implicature embodied in description,persuasion,praise,and blame,etc.

After introducing the methods of deriving scalar implicature, this paper explains the scalar implicature of the counterfactual reference point and the co.

Several means for setting off the manufacturing process are identified, and the scalar implicatures of hyperbole are discussed from this new perspective.

In order to describe context information,a set of new Multi-Media Ontology(MMO) is designed by utilizing the method of semantic-layering and semantic-abstracting step by step,and used to annotate and reason about media information in smart monitoring system.