1) gongshang jieben
工商皆本
1.
Firstly,he spelled out the theory of "gongshang jieben(both industry and commerce are fundamental to the governing of the state)",affirming that industry and commerce,together with agriculture,should philosophically belong to the fundamental being in a future ideal society.
第一,他提出了“工商皆本”的思想,首次从哲学高度肯定了工商行业在未来理想社会中与农业一道,居于本体地位;其次,他与同时代人所提出的货币思想,其实反映了要求建立统一货币等价物的货币学思想;最后,他提出要改革吏制与保护富民的思想,暗含了对传统国家法权的合法性的质疑。
2) industry and commerce fund
工商资本
3) clear cutting
皆伐工作
4) emphasis on agriculture at the expense of industry and commerce
农本工商末
1.
Although the ideology of "emphasis on agriculture at the expense of industry and commerce" was deep-rooted and had far-reaching influence in the Pre-Qin Period, the ideology of "emphasis on the fundamentals at the expense of the incidentals" experienced evolution.
尽管先秦时期“农本工商末”思想根深蒂固,影响深远,但“重本抑末”思想的流变如行云穿梭,诸子各派从各自的世界观出发,各抒己见,赋予了其不同的内涵,深深地打上了诸子各派经济哲学思想的时代烙印。
5) industry and commerce as Principal and interest
工商为本利
6) Chamber of Commerce and Industry (NISHO)
日本工商会
补充资料：一皆
1.一律;全部。
说明：补充资料仅用于学习参考，请勿用于其它任何用途。
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