Since the Ionian, who have pondered the world s composition 2,600 years ago, human beings have taken Humanity as a part of Nature, hence the universals of Nature apply to us.

The effect of the solidified rate on the morphology of eutectic Si and α-Al dendrite was studied by mean of scanning electron microscope(SEM).

The results show that with the increase of superheat treatment temperature, the undercooling increases, and the superheat treatment results in remarkable refinement of the α-Al dendrite and the particle or fibre transition of the eutectic Si.

When aging temperature raises,little eutectoid phases precipite in the alloy at different temperature,and with the emergence of needle martensite appearing.

The typical eutectoid alloy Cu-Al is chosen to investigate the microstructure change rule of the pre-eutectoid and eutectoid phases in it by implementing proper heat treatment and equal channel angular pressing(ECAP).

A multiphase coexistence of tetragonal and orthorh.

When particle size is reduced to the nanoscale,there are multiphase coexistences in nanocrystalline BaTiO_3 ceramics.

With the help of optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,hardness test and electrical conductivity measurement,the distribution variation of the eutectic phase with annealing temperature of recrystallization in Al-1wt%Si alloy was observed and effect on microstructure and performance of the alloy was investigated.