As a contract,pre-contract is different from contract in purpose、effect and liability.

A pre-contract,an agreement made by the concerned two parties for making a certain contract in future,is widely used in practice,although it is not stipulated in China s contract Law.

Precontract,as a corresponding aspect to contract,has its own legal force to help the conclusion of a contrtact.

Based on the review of related literatures, this paper finds that the formation of service clusters is helpful to the cost saving, knowledge overflow and close access to the global network.

The imperfectness of contracts causes the inevitable existence of accounting policy choices,and the different contract costs lead to different motives in accounting policy choice.

Analysis of capital constraints in flood insurance and solution measures;

In this article, the authors firstly divide China\'s commercial banks into different types according to their capital characteristic and bring out theoretical assumptions on banks risk preferences, and then use panel data to analyze the sensibilities of commercial banks to capital constraints and the changes of loans to SMEs.