The wise and enlightened rulers compiled in Shang Shu after being selected by Confucious in person,bore not only the internal attainment of benevolent ruling and self-restraining but also the political mind of appointing officials on their merits and the demeanour of "serving as the father and mother of the people" by showing solicitude for the people.

In order to cultivate and mould saint(the king), Confucius has put forward a series of moral discipline centered on humanity and moral cultivation based on self-control.

The ideas on crime prevention in the early period of XiZhou whose core is benevolent rule;

Montesqieu discussed and analyzed China s benevolent rule in On the Spirit of Law,but there were many improper or even self-contradictory points in the book.

With the Tangyu prosperity of three generations a s the theoretical reference and relying on the belief of original goodness of hu man nature and on the conviction of building a well-off society, Mencius constru cted an ideological system of benevolent rule with strong humanistic characteris tics.

For example,the construction in political virtue can help to promote the enforcement of the rule by moral and rule by law.