The folkways types, the approval to sentimental feature of ci poverty and the enthusiasm for summarizing ci music are the key factors for cao tang shi yu to be popular in Ming dynasty.

The article expounds that the efficiency increase of information retrieval benefits from both a new branch of natural language and various retrieval methods of information language under the environment of digital libraries.

He thinks that the modern society is a "simulation" world on the basis of mass media, where electronic media has changed communication circumstance of media and the new speech situations as well as discourse structure brought constructive significance to subject.

In personal and mass communication, the using and prevailing of the dialect signs are caused by the "dialect complex" of the communicators.

Modern writers make extensive use of Hunan dialect for literary creation,Showing strong dialect complex.