After the standard rationalimage of sciencea dvanced by positivism was abandoned ,Newton Smithasarealist,hasastrongconvictionthat theenterpriseofsicenceisrationalandheestablishesakindoftemperaterationalism .

Theobjective of this introduction is toportray the world view thatpermeates the book and give thetext its structure, and give aintroduction to the two streams ofthought that have guided urbandesign during the twentieth century:Rationalism and Empiricism.

Idealism and rationalism in developing of modern urban planning;

Review of Rationalism and Irrationalism in Post-modern Management;

On the Thought of Cicero on Rationalistic Natural Law;

The theory of human government and autarchy is the basis of the hypothesis on good human nature or empirical bad human nature;the theory of law is on the basis of the hypothesis on rationalistic bad human nature The good human nature emphasizes on the possibility of moral government,but it is short of forewarning mechanism;Overemphasizing the seamy side of human nature and ignori.

By inheriting the traditions of the Italian renaissance gardens and Baroque gardens, with the strict geometric composition and clear spatial structure, the gardens of Le Ntre s style integrate the traditional elements in a more unified and splendid way, embody the Rationalistic aesthetics.

However,unexpectedlytoNewton Smith ,fromtheotherangle,temperaterationalismalsocanbe regardedastemperaterelativism .