The characters of the official relief in Henan during Guangxu are just as follows: Firstly,the traditional means to relief lagged;Secondly,the sources of fund were socializing day by day;Thirdly,the task of local relief were also aggravating;Fourthly,the maintenance and reconstruction of social order were valued;Besides,the actions of promoting relief were usually taken at disasters.

By the origin of aids, the relieves consisted of court relief, official relief, populace relief; by the ways of relieving, the gratuitous aids, free tax system or tax decreasing, lowering the prices, job offering or relief fund were included.

It had three forms: government relief,civil relief and gentry relief under the supervision of government.

Western Missionaries and Shandong Disaster Relief in the Late Qing Dynasty

The Qing government had made clear and definite law-making stipulations on specific issues such as reporting disasters, surveying disasters, relieving the people in disaster, reconstructing after the disaster, punishing the corruption in the disaster relief.

The viceroy named Zhang Zhidong raised the relief fund by all kinds of ways for the relieving affair .

On the flood and Relief in Han Dynasty;

Analysis of the reasons for the relief to official students in Ming and Qing Dynasties

Prevention and Relief:Governments Relieving and Controlling Anhui Disasters in modern Times

Meanwhile,the temples often relieved the believer and gave them not only Buddhist doctrine but also property.