Permafrost in cryosphere is divided into three zonations of ground temperature by analysis of the relations between air and ground temperatures, the permafrost stability, considering stability and durability of buildings, and considering change of engineering property of permafrost.

In the Enviromental systems effected by climate change, cryosphere is on the first place.

Therefore,analysis on scientific issues of ecosystem vulnerability should improve significantly our understanding of the structure and function of ecosystem and the human impress on both based on climate change,especially in cryospheric change.

The chaogong trading system,which centres on China,and covers each country and area of East Asia and Southeast Asia,plays an important role in the economic development of modern times in these areas,the economic circle of Asia based on it stipualates the orientation of the economic development of East Asia and Southeast Asia not only in Pre-modern but also in modern times.