1) Initial period of protective forest
防护林初期
2) early support
初期支护
1.
Combined with practical project,it introduces the fixing of constructing plans,elaborates the constructing methods during the secondary bricking course after the formation of large cross-section digging contacting line early supporting structure,discusses constructing supervision of each supervising item in the cave,so as to offer reference for familiar project.
结合工程实例,对其施工方案的确定进行了介绍,着重阐述了采用暗挖法施工的联络线多变大断面初期支护结构形成后,二次衬砌形成过程的施工方法,并对洞内各监测项目的施工监测进行了论述,从而为其他类似工程提供了参考。
2.
Analyzing reasons of large deformation of early supports of Liangfengya Tunnel,the author states treatment measures of large deformation of early supports of the tunnel.
通过凉风垭隧道初期支护大变形的原因分析,阐述了隧道初期支护大变形的整治措施。
3) preliminary bracing
初期支护
1.
Aften preliminary bracing,support deformation and cracking occurred in partial sections.
初期支护后部分地段发生支护变形、开裂。
2.
Combined with major works of covered culverts in south-to-north water transfer project, from reinforcement treatment, soil excavation, preliminary bracing, monitoring measurement and other aspects the construction technology of shallow underground excavation method is introduced in order to promote the application of this method in hydraulic tunnel works in city.
结合南水北调西四环暗涵主体工程的概况及其工程特点,从地层加固、土体开挖、初期支护、监控量测等方面对浅埋暗挖法施工技术进行了阐述,以推广该技术在城市水工隧洞施工中的应用。
3.
Taking the Fenghuangling Tunnel as an example,this paper introduces the bracing method for the loess tunnel and the requirements for the apparent smoothness quality control of the preliminary bracing,and connecting with the construction practice,puts forward some suggestions and opinions.
以凤凰岭隧道为例,详细介绍了黄土隧道的支护方法及初期支护外观平整度质量控制要求,并结合施工实践,提出了一些建议。
4) primary support
初期支护
1.
Wide span underground chamber excavation and primary supportin intensely weathered rocks;
强风化岩中大跨度硐室开挖与初期支护
2.
Treatment technology of clearance-intrusion in primary support of Huangguoshu tunnel;
黄果树隧道初期支护侵限处理技术
3.
FLAC~(3D) program and its applications in couple problem between primary support design and rock wall condition in double-arch tunnel;
FLAC~(3D)在隧道初期支护与原岩条件的“耦合”问题的应用
5) initial support
初期支护
1.
Optimum analysis on the initial support structure of double-arch tunnel in partial pressure;
偏压连拱隧道初期支护结构优化研究
2.
Discussion on influence of initial support to stability and deformation of surrounding rock mass in soft rock tunnel;
初期支护对软岩隧道围岩稳定性和位移影响分析
3.
Initial Support for Qinling Railway Tunnel Constructed by Open TBM;
秦岭隧道开敞式TBM施工的初期支护
6) preliminary support
初期支护
1.
This paper based on a engineering example about Nanwutai tunnel(The fifth bidding section) s construction,including excavation,preliminary support,measurement in-situ and secondary lining,the application of NATM theory in the tunnel s design and construction is introduced.
结合西安南五台隧道(第五标段)的开挖、初期支护、现场量测及二次衬砌施工的工程实例,介绍了新奥法在隧道设计施工中的应用。
2.
But considering the actual traffic need,in the course of construction,we widen the tunnel,meanwhile the tunnel has been constructed by the preliminary support.
因受各种条件限制隧道设计为窄隧道,但在施工过程中考虑到实际交通量需要拓宽隧道,而此时已进行了初期支护,如何充分利用旧支护体系并进行改造成为施工的关键步骤。
补充资料：“三北”防护林体系工程
“三北”防护林体系工程
"three north protective forest system engineering
sanbel fanghulln tixi gongeheng“三北”防护林体系工程(“threel幻rOI，，pn〕tective forestsystem engineeri嗯)在中国西北、华北北部、东北西部地区建设的以防护林为主的绿化工程。 该项工程是国家重点建设工程。西起新疆，东至黑龙江，地跨西北、华北、东北共13个省、自治区、直辖市的512个县(旗)，总面积4既.9平方千米，占国土总面积的42.4%。按林种规划是:防护林占65.5%，薪炭林占9.7%，用材林占18.6%，经济林占6.0%。耀 西北防护林网之一段(宁南)(《黄土高原》) 据主管部门报道，在第一期(1978~1985年)工程建设中共完成人工造林900多万公顷，保存面积605 .5万公顷，超过计划任务的2%。使1以X〕万公顷的农田得到林网的保护，893万公顷的荒漠与730万公顷的水土流失面积得到初步治理，使输蘸 内蒙古赤峰农田防护林(宝音朝克图摄)人黄河的泥沙量减少10%左右。 “三北”防护林体系建设第二期(1986~1995年)工程要求在保护好现有森林植被和巩固好一期工程成果的基础上，在ro年内完成人工造林、种草面积803 .3万公顷，使“三北”地区的林木覆盖率由5.9%提高到7.7%。 目前，“三北”地区有林地面积已达2330万公顷，林木覆盖率由过去的4%提高到目前的5.9%。建设“三北”防护林体系的目的是在自然条件允许的前提下按照因地制宜、因害设防的原则，最大限度地增加植被覆盖，改善生态环境，并为当地提供一定的经济效益和社会效益。“三北”防护林体系建设工程实施以来，已经对“三北”地区的自然和经济面貌起到了良好的促进作用。有的研究认为，“三北”防护林体系每年可获得总效益25亿元，其中生态效益14亿元，占55.7%;林木生长和副产品产值11亿元，占44.3%。(阎树文)
说明：补充资料仅用于学习参考，请勿用于其它任何用途。
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