The historical records of Antarctic penguin and seal population changes, which had been reconstructed from the sediments influenced by animal excrements, showed that historically the penguin and seal population had experienced dramatic fluctuations.

Microtextures analysis of quartz grains from the Y2 lake sediment of Antarctic Ardley Island was performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM)in order to investigate the forming mechanism of erosion bowled-pit on quartz grains in sediments influenced by penguin droppings.

Effects of consecutive position fertilization with dung on soil potassic content;