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1)  accruals
应计利润
1.
The accruals model calculates earnings management by discretionary accruals;The specific accruals model makes sure whether or not earnings management by analyzing specific means of earnings management and the earnings and accruals distribution model makes sure whether or not earnings management by distributing disciplinarian of earnings or accruals.
目前存在三类盈余管理计量模型:(1)总应计利润模型;(2)具体应计利润模型;(3)盈余及应计利润分布模型。
2.
This paper discusses the methods and models commonly used in the foreign studies about earn-ings management,and assess the tradeoffs associated with three research designs: those based on separate accruals,those based on specific accruals and those based on the distribution of earnings after man-agement.
总结了国外盈余管理检验方法和模型,分别对应计利润分离模型、特定应计利润模型和盈余频率分布模型的具体应用进行了分析,并对其优点和不足之处进行了评价。
3.
The company accruals have the impact on the possibility of being issued modified auditing opinion about its financial reports.
公司应计利润对其财务报告被出具非标准无保留审计意见的可能性具有影响。
2)  total accruals
应计利润
1.
The results indicate that entrepreneurs may seek to increase total accruals and temporarily deceive the .
实证结果表明 ,上市公司在配股前一年、当年和配股后第一年 ,确实调高了应计利润 ,而在配股后第二年 ,则调低了应计利润
3)  Discretionary accruals
操控性应计利润
4)  Discretionary Accruals
可操纵应计利润
1.
In the sample of auditor change firms in 2001 and 2002,we find the discretionary accruals are significant decreasing during the last year with predecessor auditor and generally significant increasing during the first year with successor.
本文以2001年和2002年发生审计师变更的上市公司为研究样本,发现在审计师变更的前一年,变更公司的可操纵应计利润显著降低,而在变更当年,可操纵应计利润却显著提高。
2.
Thus, an examination of changes in discretionary accruals around the hiring of a new CFO lends empirical evidence to the ability of the individual CFOs to significantly effect their firms\'reported financial statements.
由于国内外大量研究高管人员更换的文献一般集中于CEO(首席执行官)更换与业绩相关性的检验,以及CEO更换影响因素的探讨,对CFO更换的研究较少,因此本文通过研究CFO更换对可操纵应计利润的影响,为我国高层管理人员中CFO更换对财务报表成果的影响提供经验证据。
3.
The evidence shows that the discretionary accruals is strongly related to the leverage short change of company,that is to argue,the company with the higher level of earnings management is the higher total debt financing.
可操纵应计利润与公司杠杆率短期变动显著正相关,表明盈余管理水平较高的公司其总债权融资比例也较高。
5)  Unexpected Accruals
非预期应计利润
6)  discretional accruals
操控性应计利润
1.
It is found that reformed firms and non-reformed firms have significant differences in earnings management: companies which implement share split reform perform negative discretional accruals in the quarter before the reform,and positive discretional accruals in the quarter after the reform.
研究结果表明:股权分置改革方案出台的前一季度,股改公司的操控性应计利润显著为负;股改完成的后一季度,股改公司的操控性应计利润显著为正;股改后几批的公司比前几批的公司有更显著的操控性应计利润
2.
The result shows that the listed companies audited by “Top 4” have lower discretional accruals and more significant relationship with stock return and future profitability.
与国内会计师事务所相比,"四大"中国合作所审计的公司的操控性应计利润较低,并与股票回报率、未来收益之间的关系更为显著。
补充资料:完全应计法(fullaccrualmethod)
  亦称销售法。将销售法运用到房地产收入确认的一种方法。在房地产销售时确认经营收入的方法。

  采用完全应计法,通常要满足如下条件:(1)试用期满。在房地产经营业务中,企业为招徕客户,可能将此类商品交由客户试用一段时间,在试用期内不满意的,可无条件退回。试用期之长短除了法律规定外,常由经销假企业根据房地产的特性及经营上的需要自行确定。(2)累积付款充足。当客户的首期付款和继续付款额超过销售价格的一定百分比时,表明客户不打算退货的意图十分明了。该比例一般应超过全部销售价格的10。(3)应收账款收回的可能性大。常以企业以往销售同类房地产的经验为依据。(4)卖方应尽义务基本上已完成。即卖方已基本上完成了在所售房地产上的开发(配套设施)的规定义务。

  在应用完全应计法时,由于应收账款的收款周期较长,销售收入和应收财款均应以现值计价,企业在以后各期收取的款项减去应收账款现值的差额,即为未实现利息收入,应在以后各期分期确认为已实现利息收入。由于房地产经营业务发生坏账的机率较大,对坏账损失的处理一般采用备抵法。
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