Rice plants play a pivotal role in methane emission and more than 90% of CH4 released from a rice field during a growing season can be emitted by rice plant-mediated transport.

The residue and degradation dynamic of 4% cartap in rice plant,rice,rice hull,paddyfield water and paddyfield soil was studied.

On the extending mode and developmental countermeasures of rice planting in Hunan;

Research advances of rice planting mechanization in Japan;

The process of rice planting mechanization and the problems in existence and the advanced patterns in developed country were discussed.

Due to the function of zoology,technology,history and culture,the Shui ethnic group takes planting rice as their way of living,meanwhile,they would take some other ways to make compensation for the lack of food.