Effects of Different Initial Fields on GRAPES Numerical Prediction;

A method for calculating the initial fields of WAPE by using the Green function is presented.

The initial fields of MM5 are improved in this paper by adopting an initialization scheme of simultaneously adjusting thermodynamic and dynamic variables and coordinating humidity and temperature changes,and by assimilating RZ data into the initial field.

To investigate the generation and development mechanism of Jianghuai heavy-rain on July 3-4,2003 and to study the sensitivity of AREM for the initial field,the flow of the heavy-rain was analysed and diagnosed with the 1°×1°NCEP analysis.

Focusing on the present situation of initial fields limited in NCEP and T213 data in using mesoscale model(MM5),a new thought of using JMA numerical weather prediction product in MM5 model is detailed introduced in this paper.

With the initial fields provided by NCEP and JMA, sensitivity experiments were conducted on the landfall typhoon Khanun which affected East China seriously by use of MM5.

From the logical and chronological perspective,the desert island narrative can be considered as an initial scene of modernity,which unfolds a whole series of modern topics.