Algorithm singularity of the extended taskspace method for kinematically redundant robot, which is one of the redundant solution method is studied deeply in the paper.

The algorithm stability of the extended task method for kinematically redundant manipulators, which is often utilized to obtain redundancy resolutions, is discussed in the paper.

Ecological safety pattern of spatial extension in Shenyang City;

Cooperative particle swarm optimization algorithm based on particle s spatial extension;

The new modes of ur-ban spatial extension of Hong Kongare discussed in planningperspective, urban spatial develop-ment strategy and functions of newtowns, taking global economic inte-gration as the background.

The study extracted urban boundary information in four periods in support of GIS,and analyzed the urban land spatial expansion process and its driving forces.

After measuring the rural-urban factor energy and synthetic energy of Wuxi in the years of 1984、1991、1997、2001、2005, we have found that the major orientation of urban spatial expansion does not stretch towards the direction of places of good locations and a superior urban nature but towards the direction of places of an obvious rural nature in the rural-urban fringes.

Research of landuse configuration and spatial expanding in Wuhan City;

Based on the rationale of information entropy and using diversity index, equilibrium degree, superiority degree and spatial expanding intensity, an analysis was made of the dynamic evolvement of the construction land structure of Chongzhou and Tianquan, two cities situated in the plain and mountainous regions of Sichuan Basin, respectively.

The form and development of urban is a process of time and space, space expansion is the certainly phase of this process.

Aim To investigate space expansion of urban land in Shaanxi,China,because space expansion of urban land is an important measure of the process of urbanization.

Presently,The space expansion of the Zhengzhou city fringe area mainly benefits from the suburb urbanization and the village urbanization,and the expansion ways are primarily the axial expansion and the extroverted expansion.