The Qing Dynasty saw the transformation of the traditional opera anthologies,which showed the following characteristics:the retreat of the culture class—men of letters,the decline of Kunqiang anthologies accompanied with the flourish of local operas,and the regression of anthologies toward the performance of people.

Xiqu opera collection is often ignored in the research of Xiqu opera history; however, it keeps Xiqu opera literature and shows the process from its elegant form to popular form and from the reading version to the stage version, as well as the development of its institution and the transformation of the audience\'s aesthetic ideas, which can not be studied in other materials.