In order to reduce the sudden change,improve the motion stability of the manipulator and increase its operational accuracy in fault tolerance,this paper defines the sudden change in joint velocity as an index and a corresponding fault tolerant planning algorithm based on this index is proposed.

Facet joint asymmetry and lumbar intervertebral disc herniation in adolescent;

Purpose: To explore the method and probability for directly measuring the stress in lumbar facet joint and disc under dynamic loading, to afford the experimental base for further investigation of intra-articular stress changing regularity under different motion conditions.

Posterior facet joint excision is a relatively good nerve root decompression surgery.

Effects of Wallis Posterior Dynamic Stabilization System on the Range of Motion of Lumbar Spine and the Stress of Zygapophysial Joints

Objective To evaluate the technique and diagnosing value of MSCT curved planar reformation(CPR)in zygapophysial joints.

Results Zygapophysial joint fusion cage\'s construction was simple,it had the great contact area with articular surface and good stability after implantation.

Biomechanics of pressure changes in adjacent inferior zygapophyseal joint after artificial disc replacement

Objective: To study the relationship between sympathetic nerve and the branches of primary sensory neurons innervating cervical zygapophyseal joint,and to explore the mechanism of the external intervertebral foramens cervical nerve compression syndrome with neck shoulder pain and the symptom of head and face regions.

Two hundred and fifty-two cervical zygapophyseal joints in 22 cadavers were observed.

[ObjectivelObserve the morphous,position of lumbar zygapophyseal joints and govern nerves and their relations with surrounding tissues,and provide morphological evidence and anatomic data.

The different causes of intervertebral foramen stenosis,including hyperosteogeny of luschka joints,abnormal ubiety of zygapophyseal joints,hyperosteogeny of zygapophyseal joints and stenosis of disc space,were classified and counted.