The Application of Robust Estimation to the Gross Error Detection and Adjustment Calculation;

The paper introduces three gross error detection algorithms based on regular DEM,namely the method that applies constrains to the slopes and to the changes in slope at each point,the parametric statistical method and the one based on principal components analysis.

The paper introduces two gross error detection algorithms based on regular DEM,namely the method that applies constrains to the slopes and to the changes in slope at each point,and the parametric statistical method by Felicísimo.

A data processing method for the precision surveying of ballastless track high-speed railway is put forward:first, choosing the compatible points in the control network by quasi-stable adjustment, then, adjusting the control network with the adjustment model of indirect observation in which the Baarda gross errors detection and Helmert variance component estimation are used.

And then the methods of time-variable gravity gradient corrections,outlier detection and external calibration are discussed.

According to outlier detection theory this, paper proposes a new algorithm useing the positioning domain to detect the cycle slip in satellite-borne GPS carrier phase measurements, which is defined as varying residual in epoch-by-epoch carrier phase measurements(VAREC).