To explore the control point lay out scheme of Spot5 image orthorectification, to achieve a balance between mapping accuracy and economical benefit the number and distribution of control points are discussed from three aspects: mapping accuracy, gross error detection and locating and reliability of layout scheme.

According to the passive magnetic fuze operational characteristics, the ferromagnetic target detecting and locating system based on tri-axial magnetoresistive sensors and DSP was designed.

A data processing method for the precision surveying of ballastless track high-speed railway is put forward:first, choosing the compatible points in the control network by quasi-stable adjustment, then, adjusting the control network with the adjustment model of indirect observation in which the Baarda gross errors detection and Helmert variance component estimation are used.

The Application of Robust Estimation to the Gross Error Detection and Adjustment Calculation;

The paper introduces three gross error detection algorithms based on regular DEM,namely the method that applies constrains to the slopes and to the changes in slope at each point,the parametric statistical method and the one based on principal components analysis.

The paper introduces two gross error detection algorithms based on regular DEM,namely the method that applies constrains to the slopes and to the changes in slope at each point,and the parametric statistical method by Felicísimo.