Objective To explore the treatment of graft infection, stenosis or occlusion after prosthetic bypass.

In recent years, vascular graft infection as a thorny problem hascaught attention because of the widespread use of vascular graft, and thedevelopment of infection-resistant graft has become the subject of study.

It is well accepted that the orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT)is the definitive therapy for patients with end-stage liver disease, and the graft HBV infection is the one of major complications.

The pathogenesis and characteristics of orthopaedic implant-related infection and the research advances in the surface modification of orthopaedic implants for anti-infection are described in this paper,providing a reference for the research of novel implants with anti-infection characteristics.